Layer: Latest Total Disturbance (Human + Fire) (ID: 104)

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Description: This layer represents the combined, non-overlapping footprint, of 500 m buffered human (anthropogenic) disturbance mapped by ECCC in 2020and fires from 1985-2024 (40-yr fire footprint) based on fire polygons from the National Burn Area Composite dataset (1985-2024) and the Canadian National Fire Database (CNFDB) (1982-1985). Anthropogenic disturbance footprint within boreal caribou ranges across Canada - As interpreted from 2020Landsat satellite imagery as part of a scientific assessment of critical habitat for boreal woodland caribou (Environment Canada 2011, see full reference in accompanying documentation), Environment Canada's Landscape Science and Technology Division was tasked with providing detailed anthropogenic disturbance mapping across known caribou ranges. This data allowed researchers to better understand the attributes that have a known effect on caribou population persistence. The mapping process was established to create a nationally consistent, reliable and repeatable geospatial dataset that followed a common methodology. The methods developed were focused on mapping disturbances at a specific point of time, and were not designed to identify the age of disturbances, which can be of particular interest for disturbances that can be considered non-permanent, for example cutblocks. The resultant datasets were used for caribou resource selection function, habitat modeling, and assess overall disturbance levels on each caribou ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances within 51 caribou ranges across Canada were mapped. The ranges were defined by individual Provinces and Territories across Canada. Disturbances were mapped across these ranges using 2008-2010 Landsat-5 satellite imagery to provide the most up to date data possible. Within the context of this project, anthropogenic disturbance was defined as any human-caused disturbance to the natural landscape that could be visually identified from Landsat imagery at a viewing scale of 1:50,000. A minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 2 ha or approximately 22 contiguous Landsat pixels was selected. Each disturbance feature type was represented in the database by a line or polygon depending on their geometric description. Polygonal disturbances included: cutblocks, mines, reservoirs, built-up areas, well sites, agriculture, oil and gas facilities, as well as unknown features. Linear disturbances included: roads, railways, powerlines, seismic exploration lines, pipelines, dams, air strips, as well as unknown features. For each anthropogenic feature type, a clear description was established (see Appendix 7.2 of the science assessment) to maintain consistency in identifying the various disturbances in the imagery by the different interpreters. Various ancillary vector datasets were used as aids in detecting, classifying and digitizing disturbances on the Landsat imagery (a table listing these datasets and their sources has been included in a separate file). Ancillary data was used to guide interpretation and feature labeling since the ancillary data was often variable across the country in terms of completeness as well as scale. As a result, features were only digitized if they were visible in the Landsat imagery at a viewing scale of 1:50,000. A 2nd interpreter quality control phase was carried out to ensure high quality, complete and consistent data collection. The vector data was buffered by 500m (radius) representing the zone of influence impacting boreal caribou herds in order to calculate range disturbance levels as well as for use in the integrated risk assessment analysis. Fire polygons were merged into the anthropogenic footprint in order to create an overall disturbance footprint. This dataset provided an update to the previous 2008-2010 mapping. 2015 Landsat 8 imagery was used and features were added or deleted from the original database depending on whether they were visible or not. A 2nd interpreter was again used for quality assurance purposes, and similar to the original database a 500m buffer was applied to the anthropogenic disturbances.The National Burned Area Composite (NBAC) is a product created as a component of the Fire Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System (FireMARS), jointly developed by the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geomatics/satellite-imagery-air-photos/applications-development/10822) (formerly the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing) of Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service. FireMARS was initially developed with funding support from the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (http://www4.asc-csa.gc.ca/auot-eoau/eng/grip/about.aspx) through a collaboration of those in fire research (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/fire/13143), forest carbon accounting (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/13087) and remote sensing.NBAC is a national product compiled annually since 2004 by the FireMARS system which tracks forest fires for annual estimates of carbon emissions and to help identify National Forest Inventory plots that may have been disturbed by fire. See the FireMARS website at http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/fire/13159and carbon accounting - disturbance monitoring website (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/13109) for additional information.Data from two types of providers is used to generate NBAC: 1) Natural Resources Canada, and 2) Provincial, Territorial, and Parks Canada agencies.A rule-based decision process is used to select the best data source for each fire event based on factors such as how well the burn polygon follows the shape of the fire as observed on post-burn satellite imagery, the data source itself, and what methods were used to delineate the burn. Not all fires are mapped and in areas where there was not a lot of fire activity to warrant satellite image mapping, agency data is used.==================================La Composite nationale des superficies brûlées (CNSB) fait partie du système FireMARS (Fire Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System) mis au point par le Centre canadien de cartographie et d’observation de la Terre (http://www.rncan.gc.ca/sciences-terre/geomatique/imagerie-satellitaire-photos-aeriennes/developpement-applications/10972) (anciennement le Centre canadien de télédétection)et le Service canadien des forêts. Le système FireMARS a d'abord été rendu possible grâce à un soutien financier du Programme d'initiatives gouvernementales en observation de la Terre (IGOT) de l'Agence spatiale canadienne (http://www4.asc-csa.gc.ca/auot-eoau/fra/igot//About%20Grip.aspx) en collaboration avec les initiatives de recherche sur les feux (http://www.rncan.gc.ca/forets/feux/13144), de comptabilisation du carbone forestier (http://www.rncan.gc.ca/forets/changements-climatiques/13088) et de télédétection.CNSB est un produit national compilé annuellement depuis 2004 par le système FireMARS (Fire Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System), qui fait le suivi des incendies de forêt afin d'estimer les émissions annuelles de carbone et de déterminer les parcelles de l'Inventaire forestier national (IFN) qui peuvent avoir été perturbées par les incendies.Pour obtenir plus de renseignements, consulter la page Web sur le système FireMARS (http://www.rncan.gc.ca/forets/feux/13160) et la comptabilisation du carbone forestier - surveillance des perturbations (http://www.rncan.gc.ca/forets/changements-climatiques/13110).Pour générer la CNSB, on utilise des données provenant de deux types de sources :1) Ressources naturelles Canada; 2) les organismes provinciaux et territoriaux et Parcs Canada.Un processus de décision basé sur des règles est utilisé dans la sélection desmeilleures sources de données pour chaque incendie, en fonction de divers facteurs : dans quelle mesure le polygone des surfaces brûlées correspond-elle à la forme de l'incendie observée sur l'imagerie satellitaire post-incendie, la source de données elle-même, ainsi que les méthodes qui ont été utilisées pour la délimitation de l'aire brûlée. Tous les incendies ne sont pas cartographiés; dans les régions où il n'y a pas eu beaucoup d'incendies pour justifier le recours à la cartographie par imagerie satellitaire, les données fournies par les organismes ont été utilisées.==================================The Canadian National Fire Database (CNFDB) Fire Point and Polygon Data is a collection of forest fire locations and fire perimeters as provided by Canadian fire management agencies including provinces, territories, and Parks Canada.To create the Canada-wide product, the data collected from each agency are projected into a common format and combined with data from other agencies; attribute fields are standardized; agency specific attribute fields are removed; and polygon areas are calculated using GIS. Note that the data contained in the CNFDB are not complete nor are they without error. Locations are approximate. Not all fires have been mapped, and data accuracy varies due to different mapping techniques. This collection includes only data that has been contributed by the agencies. Data completeness and quality vary among agencies and between years. For analyses for a single province or territory or for Parks Canada, we suggest you contact the appropriate agency. Links to the agency web sites can be found http://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/ha/nfdb, or can be found through the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre (CIFFC) website at http://www.ciffc.caThe database is a large collaborative effort by all Canadian fire agencies. We thank the many individuals who contributed to this effort, including fire crews, field personnel, photo interpreters, pilots, digitizers, and analysts. Compilation of the Canada-wide database was partially supported by the Canadian government programs of ENFOR (ENergy from the FORest), the Program on Energy Research and Development, the Climate Change Action Fund, and Action Plan 2000. Please note that an End-User Agreement is required for accessing these data. Please refer to this agreement for information regarding restrictions of use -- http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/common/cwfis/End_User_Agreement_EN.htmlNOTE: There were 13 fire polygons from the CNFDB that had a fire Year value = -9999, but did have a Fire Decade assigned. The Year value for these fires were assigned the midpoint value of the fire decade (e.g. 1980-1989 was assigned a value of 1985). These represent fires from the 1980's and 1990's within the Yukon Territory and from within Wood Buffalo National Park. To identify these fires, look for fires in the "CFS_REF_ID" attribute field that contain the value 9980 or 9990. Some of these fires were also captured in the NBAC dataset, and, where this occurred, polygons from the NBAC dataset were retained, and polygons from the CNFDB were deleted.

Copyright Text: Compiled and edited by J.Hodson and R.Abernethy, GNWT-ENR Wildlife Division. Sources:Anthropogenic Disturbance: Environment and Climate Change Canada - http://data.ec.gc.ca/data/species/developplans/2015-anthropogenic-disturbance-footprint-within-boreal-caribou-ranges-across-canada-as-interpreted-from-2015-landsat-satellite-imagery/ Fire Disturbance: Natural Resources Canada: http://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/datamart

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